In 1990 not a single member state had a fertility rate below 1.30.
Social PolicyEuropean Union
- Omissions
- No source found states the exact 1990 figure '0 member states with TFR below 1.30' explicitly; the conclusion is inferred from (a) the academic finding that lowest-low fertility (TFR ≤ 1.30) only spread across Europe during the 1990s and (b) Eurostat's statement that EU countries had fallen below 1.30 by around 2000.
- The claim does not specify whether it refers to the 12 EC member states existing in 1990 or to the current 27 EU member states; the sources consulted concern European countries generally.
- The precise per-country 1990 total fertility rates (e.g. Italy ~1.33, Spain ~1.36, Germany ~1.45) were not retrieved from a single primary Eurostat database table within the available searches.
- Sources
- PrimaryEurostat — Statistics Explained: Fertility statisticsIn the majority of the EU countries, the total fertility rate declined considerably between 1980 and 2000-2003: by 2000, values had fallen below 1.30 in Bulgaria, Czechia, Greece, Spain, Italy, Latvia and Slovenia.
- AcademicKohler, Billari & Ortega — 'The Emergence of Lowest-Low Fertility in Europe During the 1990s' (ResearchGate)Lowest-low fertility, defined as a period total fertility rate at or below 1.3, has rapidly spread in Europe during the 1990s.
- AcademicPerez, M.D. — 'Fertility in Italy and Spain: The Lowest in the World' (JSTOR, Population and Development Review)With the highest fertility in 1990 were Campania and Sicily while the lowest ... period and cohort fertility in Italy and Spain, as well as in the rest of Europe (study of Italian and Spanish fertility, the lowest in the world at that time).