The FRA's specific finding refers to the period 'since October 2023' (post-Hamas-attack), not to calendar year 2023 as a whole; the '400%+' figure is attributed to 'some organisations', not a unified EU-wide incident count.
The most comprehensive 'deadliest year' data (J7 report, 2026) covers the diaspora broadly and is not limited to the EU; it is a non-EU compilation (ADL/CST) rather than a Eurostat/FRA statistic.
The FRA 2024 data combines recorded incidents with survey-based perceptions, so the magnitude of the rise cannot be pinned to a single comparable metric across all EU member states.
Some national series (e.g. UK CST) recorded a decline in certain categories in 2025 relative to 2024, while remaining far above pre-2023 levels — the trend is a rise from a 2022/2023 baseline, not a monotonic year-on-year increase.